Open-source communities face significant sustainability challenges, from attracting and retaining a diverse set of contributors to fundraising. Through interviews, surveys, and analysis of billions of commits and other public traces, organization, functioning, and overall health of open-source communities were studied. The talk will highlight what the empirical evidence is for a range of research questions about non-technical issues, including: project-level risk factors associated with upstream and downstream dependencies, the value of diversity in open-source teams, factors contributing to longer-term engagement or premature disengagement of contributors, the effectiveness of donations as a funding model, and the role of transparency and signaling in increasing the health of open-source projects.